Urine

Adult male: 1-2 g/day 90-139 ml/minute/1.73 m2 Adult female: 0.8-1.8 g/day 80-125 ml/minute/1.73 m2 Child: 70-140 ml/minute/1.73 m2

To assess renal function and creatinine excretion Monitor the progress of renal disease

Muscular Dystrophy Polymyositis Paralysis Muscular inflammatory disease Hyperthyroidism Anemia Leukemia

Glomerulonephritis Congestive Heart Failure Acute tubular necrosis Shock Polycystic Kidney Disease Advanced Pyelonephritis Renal malignancy Dehydration Bilateral ureteral obstruction Nephrosclerosis

Excessive exercise in the test period Failure to collect all the urine Failure to time the test accurately Warming of the urine specimen High protein intake prior to the test