The Pleura is a sac surrounding the lungs. It consists of two layers, one covering the lung (visceral), while the other covers the inside of the chest wall or rib cage (parietal). Between the two layers is a space in which a small amount of fluid circulates to lubricate the two surfaces as they slide over one another during breathing.
Pleurisy refers to the inflammation (irritation, swelling, stickiness) of the pleura. Pleurisy is not a disease, but a symptom of another condition (e.g., virus or bacterial infection).
Inflammation of the pleura can lead to fluid build up (between the two layers) known as pleural effusion. During inflammation, sticky, fibrous material accumulates over the pleural surfaces, resulting in the layers rubbing against (friction rub) each other during breathing, and causing chest pain. Sometimes the inflammation is dry (i.e., dry pleurisy).
Fever
Cough
Chills
Shortness of breath
Weight loss
Poor appetite
Sharp chest pain with breathing. Pain can limit the movement on the side of the chest with pleurisy.
CAT scan (using computers) and Ultrasound (using sound) can show fluid or effusion.
Thoracentesis -- done by inserting a needle into the pleura. The removed effusion can then be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Treat underlying disorder
Rest
Oxygen, if levels are low
Aspirin and other NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Indocin, etc.) are effective in reducing the inflammation, fever, and pain.
Painkillers such as codeine can help.
In severe pain, a nerve block is performed using a numbing agent (e.g., Xylocaine) that is injected into the nerves between the ribs for temporary relief of pain.
Therapeutic Thoracentesis is done to remove the effusion, which helps breathing.
Contact a physician immediately. Call 911 if you have high fever, pain, or difficulty breathing.
